• Bjornsta, Diane M. "Reflections on a Quarter-Century of Research in Sports Medicine Psychology." Ebscohost.com.N.p., 2014. Web. 14 Sept.2014.

 

The author discusses the potential psychological factors of pre and post injury. She talks about how the athlete’s behavioral, emotional, physical and, personal responses could impact the rehabilitation period for this person. Self- confidence and ability to cope with pain affected recovery time. “ Many athletes come through the experiences mentally and physically stronger—and perhaps wiser and better prioritized—than before their injuries, often times due to the effective counseling and care that they are shown by coaches, medical professionals, and supportive friends and family (e.g., Cook, 2010).” I will use this article to explain why your attitude towards your injury could affect your recovery time. The more you are willing to cope with what has happened the more likely you are to heal quicker. Diane Wiese-Bjornstal wrote this article. She is an associate professor for sport and exercise psychology at the University of Minnesota.

 

• Bren, Linda. "Joint Replacement: An Inside Look." FDA Consumer March-April 2004: 12+. Questia

  School. Web. 7 Dec. 2014.

  The most common reason for having a hip or knee replaced is osteoarthritis, according to the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS). Excess weight, joint fracture, ligament tears, or other injury can damage cartilage and cause osteoarthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis is another condition that may be alleviated by hip or knee joint replacement. This chronic inflammation of the joint lining causes pain, stiffness, and swelling. The inflamed lining can invade and damage bone and cartilage. The largest joint in the body, the knee joint is formed where the lower part of the thighbone (femur) joins the upper part of the shinbone (tibia) and the kneecap (patella). Shock-absorbing cartilage covers the surfaces where these three bones touch. In a standard total knee replacement, the damaged areas of the thighbone, shinbone and kneecap are removed and replaced with prostheses. The ends of the remaining bones are smoothed and reshaped to accommodate the prostheses. Pieces of the artificial knee are typically held in place with bone cement. A knee replacement usually involves three to four days in the hospital. The recovery period depends on a patient's general health, age, and other factors, but many people can resume their normal activities four to eight weeks after surgery. Ninety percent of those who have total knee replacement report fast pain relief, improved mobility, and better quality of life, according to a panel of independent experts. The panel was convened at a conference in December 2003 sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and cosponsored by the FDA and other federal organizations. "While a knee replacement can dramatically improve the quality of life for a person with debilitating knee pain, it is major surgery," says Gerard Engh, M.D., director of knee research at Anderson Orthopaedic Research Institute in Alexandria, Va. "We usually recommend total knee replacements and partial knee replacements after other less invasive treatments have been attempted." This article describes when it is time to have a total knee replacement. It also goes into detail about the procedure itself and lists the possible complications of the surgery. This article has facts about people who have had total knee replacements. This source is reliable because I got it from Questia School which is a scholarly database.  This source is helpful because it describes when a total knee replacement would be needed. It also goes into depth about the actual procedure. This fits into my potential research because it describes the procedure which is one piece of my essential question. I need more sources on research about the number of total knee replacements typical doctors do every year. However, this article covers one part of my essential question and it is a good start.

 

Maheshwari, J., and Vikram Mhaskar.Essential Orthopaedics. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers

 Medical Publishers, 2011. Print.

 

In this book, it describes why you would need a total knee replacement, the procedure, and complications that could happen. It also describes a partial knee replacement in detail.  It also describes all major and minor orthopaedic injuries and how to diagnose them and treat them. This book helps me to understand what the doctor is saying to the patient. “In true sense, the term total knee replacement is a misnomer, since unlike the hip replacement where a part of the head and neck are actually removed and replaced with similar shaped artificial components, in the knee only the damaged articular surface is sliced off to prepare the bone ends to take the artificial components which “cap” the ends of the bones.”The source is credible because the two orthopaedic surgeons wrote this book. I will use this source to go into depth about the total knee replacement procedure.